1.
Elliptical Sentence
Elliptical Sentence adalah penggabungan
dua kalimat setara dengan menghilangkan bagian-bagian predikat yang sama untuk
menghindari terjadinya pengulangan. Elliptical sentence dapat dibagi menjadi
dua kelompok; negative dan positive elliptical.
a.
Positive elliptic.
|
……+…….. and S
+ Aux + Too
……+…….. and So
+ Aux + S
e.g:
ü Nana cooks fried rice.
Indra cooks fried rice.
= Nana cooks fried rice and so does
Indra. or
Nana cooks fried rice and Indra
does too.
b. Negative elliptic.
|
|
……+…….. and S
+ Aux + not + either
……+…….. andneither
+ Aux + S
e.g:
ü Ozi has not come yet.
Surya has not come yet.
= Ozi has not come yet and neither
has Surya.
Ozi has not come yet and Surya
hasn’t either.
c.
Positive – Negative elliptic.
|
|
Negative
sentence +but + S + Aux +
Positive
sentence +but + S + Aux + not
e.g:
ü Dona agreed to go to Bali.
Dani didn’t agree to go to
Bali.
= Dona agreed to go to Bali
but Dani
didn’t.
Dani didn’t agree to go to Bali but
Dona did.
2.
Causative
Causative digunakan untuk menyuruh atau
meminta orang lain untuk mengerjakan sesuatu.
a.
Active Causative
Menyuruh
orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu.
-
Has/ have
|
|
S + Have + O (
orang) + V1
e.g:
ü Mr. Yuan has his
students do their homework.
-
Get
|
|
S + Get + O
(orang ) + to V1
e.g:
ü Kelly got her husband
to call the doctor.
b.
Passive Causative
|
|
S+ have+ O
(benda) + V3
S + Get + O
(benda) + V3
e.g:
ü My uncle had his hat
washed.
ü Ujang gets his motor cycle painted.
|
c.
Let, Make, Help
|
S+ let + O (orang) + V1
Make
Help
e.g:
ü I don’t want to
him
go.
ü Lee makes me meet Mr. Darwis.
ü Vina helps him finish her home work.
|
3.
Appositive
Kata – kata yang memberikan
informasi tambahan terhadap subjek, objek atau benda.
Pola :
…S…,……Appositive……. , …P…
Syarat
-
Tidak boleh ada subjek
-
Tidak boleh ada predicate
kecuali V-3 atau V-ing
-
Tidak boleh ada clauses
(adj clause, adv clause, noun clause)
Note
: jika tidak terdapat jawaban maka boleh
menggunakan “Adj Clause”
Exercise:
1. Ira barely sleeps before midnight, and …
a. Ita does not either
b. Neither does Ita
c. Either does Ita
d. Does not Ita either
2. Syamsul Bachri did not sign the contract offered by Gaylang FC,
and …
a. Neither did Rommy and Firdaus
b. Either didn’t Rommy and Firdaus
c. Rommy and Firdaus did either
d. Rommy and Firdaus didn’t neither
3. I am going to the technical meeting and …
a. So does Indra
b. So goes Indra
c. So is Indra
d. Indra is so
4. If Jack’s wife won’t agree to sign the papers,…
a. Neither won’t he
b. Neither he will
c. He won’t neither
d. Neither will he
5. Dinna didn’t like our new roommate, and …
a. I don’t too
b. Neither I did
c. Neither did I
d. I didn’t also
6. I am worried about the test, and …
a. Also is he
b. So is he
c. He is so
d. So he does
7. The costumer had the shoes … before six o’clock in the evening.
a. Delivers
b. Deliver
c. Delivered
d. Delivering
8. My teacher made
me … the history project in a week.
a. do
b. to do
c. done
d. doing
9. Nias, … covering
an area of 5,121.3 km2, is the largest of the islands of Sumatra.
a. An island
b. Is an island
c. That an island
d. Is that an island
10. Paula never uses
a dictionary when the French programs begin, and ...
a. Lydia does either
b. Either does Lydia
c. Neither does
Lydia
d. Lydia doesn’t
neither
11. During his career, Luther Vandross , …, sold over twenty-five million albums
and won eight Grammy Awards.
a. Which an America singer and producer
b. Was an American singer and producer
c. An American singer and producer
d. An American singer and producer was
12. Mary, … to win the prize, tripped when she ran upstairs.
a. Having thrilled
b. Thrilling
c. Thrilled
d. Thrill
13. Caecilians, … , are the only amphibians that are blind.
a. Live underground
b. Live underground which
c. Which live underground
d. Live which underground
14. Mars, …, has two satellites.
a. Which the fourth planet from the sun
b. It is the fourth planet from the sun
c. The fourth planet from the sun
d. Is the fourth planet from the sun
15. The insect, … , bit my brother’s arm last night,
a. A big spider with hairy legs
b. It is a big spider with hairy legs
c. A big spider which with hairy legs
d. Which is a big hairy-legged spider
16. Milliard Fillmore, … , taught school and studied law before
aspiring to political office.
a. Was the least great American president
b. The American president was least
c. One of the least known American presidents
d. That he was one of the least American president
17. Soekarno, … one of the strongest Indonesian President, served
from 1945 to 1965.
a. Considered
b. Is consider
c. Was considered
d. Considering
18. We had our house…….…two
weeks ago.
a. renovate
b. to renovate
c. renovated
d. had renovate
Pembahasan
1. Kunci : B
Pembahasan
:
Pada soal
terdapat kata barely yang menunjukkan kalimat tersebut dalam bentuk
negative sehingga pola yang diminta adalah “Neither + Aux + S”
2. Kunci : A
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “Neither + Aux + S”
3. Kunci : C
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “So + Aux + S”
4. Kunci : D
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “Neither + Aux + S”
5. Kunci : C
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “Neither + Aux + S”
6. Kunci : B
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “So + Aux + S”
7. Kunci : C
Pembahasan
:
Sebelum
Object “the shoes” terdapat “Had” sehingga soal dikatakan causative, karena
objectnya benda maka kita membutuhkan V3 (S + Have/Get + O (benda) +
V3)
8. Kunci : A
Pembahsan:
Sebelum
Object “me” terdapat “made” sehingga soal dikatakan causative, karena objectnya
manusia maka kita membutuhkan V1 (S + make + O (benda) + V1)
9. Kunci : A
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “ ……S………. , ……Appositive……. , ……P………”
Ikuti
syarat – syarat Appositive.
10. Kunci : C
Pembahasan
:
Pada soal
terdapat kata never yang menunjukkan
bahwa klimat dalam bentuk negative sehingga pola yang diminta adalah “Neither + Aux + S”
11.
Kunci : C
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “ ……S………. , ……Appositive……. , ……P………”
Ikuti
syarat – syarat Appositive.
12. Kunci : B
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “ ……S………. , ……Appositive……. , ……P………”
Ikuti
syarat – syarat Appositive.
13. Kunci : C
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “ ……S………. , ……Appositive……. , ……P………”
Ikuti
syarat – syarat Appositive.
14. Kunci : C
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “ ……S………. , ……Appositive……. , ……P………”
Ikuti
syarat – syarat Appositive.
15. Kunci : A
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “ ……S………. , ……Appositive……. , ……P………”
Ikuti
syarat – syarat Appositive.
16. Kunci : C
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “ ……S………. , ……Appositive……. , ……P………”
Ikuti
syarat – syarat Appositive.
17. Kunci : A
Pembahasan
:
Pola yang
diminta adalah “ ……S………. , ……Appositive……. , ……P………”
Ikuti syarat
– syarat Appositive.
18. Kunci : C
Pembahasan:
Jawabannya ‘renovated’ sebab kalimat ini termasuk
causative have.
Pola causative
have: S + have/ has/ had/ + objek +
V3.
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