1.
Conditional Sentence
Conditional Sentence adalah kalimat
pengandaian. Terdapat tiga jenis Conditional Sentence:
a.
Open Conditional (Type 1) – Future
Merupakan
bentuk pengandaian masa yang akan datang.
|
IF + S + V1 , S + will + V1
+ O
e.g:
ü If he studies seriously, he will pass the test.
ü He will pass the test if he studies seriously.
b.
Present Conditional (Type-2) – Present
Merupakan
bentuk pengandaian saat ini.
|
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IF + S + V2/ were , S +
would + V1 + O
e.g:
ü If she gave it to me, I would share it to others.
ü I would share it to others if she gave it to me.
ü If Hendra were not absent yesterday, he would get the grand
prize.
ü Hendra would get the grand prize if he were not absent
yesterday.
|
|
IF + S + were,
S + would + V1 + O
= WERE + S , S
+ would + V1 + O
Penghilangan “IF”
e.g:
ü If I were you, I wouldn’t take it.
Were I you, I wouldn’t take it.
c.
Past Conditional (Type 3)
Merupakan bentuk pengandaian
masa lampau.
|
|
IF + S + had +
V3, S + would + have + V3 + O
e.g:
ü If they had arrived here, I would have told him the truth.
ü I would have told him the truth if they had arrived here.
Penghilangan
“IF”
|
|
IF + S + had +
V3, S + would + have + V3 + O
= HAD + S + V3
, S + would + have + V3 + O
e.g:
Ø If Keith had finished it, he would have left us.
Had Keith finished it,
he would have left us.
2.
Reported Speech
Indirect speech/Reported
speech
Kalimat tidak langsung
Syarat:
1. Ada perubahan Tenses
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Direct. speech
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Indirect.speech
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S.Present.Tense
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S.Past.Tense
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Pr.Cont.Tense
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Past.Cont.Tense
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Pr.Perfect.Tense
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Past.Perfect.tense
|
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Pr.Future.Tense
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Past.Future.tense
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S.Past.Tense
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Past. Perfect.Tense
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Direct speech
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Indirect speech
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Now
|
Then
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Today
Tonight
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That day
That night
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Tomorrow
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The following day,
the day after
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Next Week
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The following week,
The week after
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Last week
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The previous week,
The week before
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Yesterday
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The previous day,
The day before
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Here
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There
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This
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That
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These
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Those
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3. Ada perubahan Pronoun
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Direct speech
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Indirect speech
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I/ me/ my/ mine
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He/ him/ his/ his, atau
She/ her/ her/ hers
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You
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Tergantung konteks kalimat.
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Jenis – Jenis
Reported Speech
a.
Affirmative
Bentuk
pernyataan
Pola :
S + Said / explained + that + Rep.words
Eg :
ü Amat said. “ I will go
abroad next week”.
Ø Amat said that he
would go abroad the following week.
ü Yanti said ,” I bought
a car last week”.
Ø Yanti said that she
had bought a car the previous
week
b.
Interrogative
Bentuk
pertanyaan
-
With auxiliary
Tobe, modals, do, does. Did,
have, has, had
Pola :
S + asked/wondered/ if/whether + Rep.words
Eg :
ü My father asked, “Did
you take my money?”
Ø My father asked whether
I had taken his money
ü She asked, “ Do you
love me?”
Ø She asked if I loved
her
-
With Q.Word
What, where,who,how,etc
Pola :
S+ asked/wondered + Q.word + Rep.word
Eg :
ü Joni asked, “ Where
did you go last night
?”
Ø Joni asked where I had
gone the previous
night.
c.
Imperative
Bentuk
perintah
-
Perintah positive
Pola :
S + Told/Ordered/Warned + O+ to V1
Eg :
ü She told me, “ Open the
door!”
Ø She told me to open
the door.
-
Perintah Negative
Pola :
S+Told/Ordered/Warned + O+not+to V1
Eg :
ü They told me, “ Don’t
speak English !”
Exercise:
1. That machine … if you fixed it immediately.
a. Would work
b. Would be worked
c. Would have worked
d. Would have been worked
2. If you put a wet towel directly under the sun, it … momentarily.
a. Will dry
b. Will dries
c. Dry
d. Dried
3. … her shyness, she would have become a great teacher.
a. She had overcome
b. Had she overcome
c. If she overcome
d. If she would overcome
4. You … the job if you were not late to the interview.
a. Would get
b. Would be gotten
c. Would have gotten
d. Would have been gotten
5. If the students … late to submit the scholarship application to
the board, they will not be listed as candidates.
a. Be
b. Are
c. Were
d. Have
6. If I … you, I’d just go for dessert.
a. Was
b. Am
c. Were
d. Had been
7. Mrs. Evi … if she had been delayed.
a. Would call
b. Would have called
c. Will call
d. Will be calling
8. Kiranti said to Tono,”Did you finish homework?”
Kiranti
asked Tono ……..
a. Whether he finished his homework
b. Whether he has finished his homework
c. If he finished his
homework
d. If he had finished his homework
9. … the announcement, I would have participated in the Balinese
painting workshop.
a. If I knew
b. I had known
c. Had I known
d. If I have known
10. If you drop the egg from the third floor, it … to pieces.
a. Shatter
b. Shattered
c. Will shatter
d. Would shatter
Pembahasan
1. Kunci : A
Pembahasan
:
Penanda
yang terdapat pada soal adalah “Past Future T + IF + S Past T ”
2. Kunci : A
Pembahasan
:
Penanda
yang terdapat pada soal adalah “IF + S Present T + Present Future T”
3. Kunci : B
Pembahasan
:
Penanda
yang terdapat pada soal adalah “IF + Past Perfect T + Past Future Perfect T (If
dapat dihilangkan dengan memindahkan posisi “Had” ke depan.
4. Kunci : A
Pembahasan
:
Penanda
yang terdapat pada soal adalah “Past Future T + IF + S Past T ”
5. Kunci : B
Pembahasan
:
Penanda
yang terdapat pada soal adalah “IF + S Present T + Present Future T”
6. Kunci : C
Pembahasan
:
Penanda
yang terdapat pada soal adalah “IF + S Past T + Past Future T”
7. Kunci : B
Pembahasan
:
Penanda
yang terdapat pada soal adalah “Past Future Perfect T + IF + Past
Perfect T”
8. Kunci : D
Pembahasan
:
Kalimat
langsung pada soal dalam bentuk Simple
Past T dan interrogative,sehingga
pada kalimat tidak langsung (Reported speech)
dan berbentuk Past Perfect T dengan
pola yang diminta adalah “S+asked/wondered + if/whether +
Rep.words”
9. Kunci : C
Pembahasan
:
Penanda
yang terdapat pada soal adalah “IF + Past Perfect T + Past Future Perfect T (If
dapat dihilangkan dengan memindahkan posisi “Had” ke depan.
10. Kunci : C
Pembahasan
:
Penanda
yang terdapat pada soal adalah “IF + S Present T + Present Future T”
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